Investigation of the acute abdomen

The ‘acute abdomen’ is a common general surgery emergency resulting from conditions that range from serious life-threatening surgical pathologies to benign, gynaecological and even medical conditions. Accurate diagnosis depends on a structured systematic approach including a careful detailed history, a thorough clinical examination and appropriate investigations. Appropriate investigations are essential to confirm the correct diagnosis quickly, without delaying treatment and worsening outcome. The aim of any investigation is to:
• establish a diagnosis from a list of differentials
• provide information on the patient's fitness for surgery
• guide surgical or non-surgical management e.g. open or endovascular repair of a ruptured aneurysm.This article will focus on the types of investigation commonly available and the potential beneficial use in achieving these aims.