Fractures of the foot and ankle

Fractures of the foot and ankle are common in all age groups. Soft tissue swelling, diabetes mellitus and peripheral vascular disease should be considered when forming the management plan. Open fractures should be treated urgently. Temporary external fixation may be required to stabilize the fracture before definitive fixation and subsequent soft tissue cover. Foot elevation is essential because compartment syndrome of the foot occurs after major fractures or crush injuries. Mild forms of compartment syndrome are easily missed and result in clawing of the toes so, as part of the routine examination, the foot pulses and peripheral nerves must be assessed and documented.