Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Analysis of Urine in Acute Kidney Injury Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Nested Case-Control Study

Evaluation of human AKI revealed early intraoperative tubular stress in all patients. A second phase of injury observed in patients with AKI may involve IP-10 recruitment of inflammatory cells. The enhancement of hepcidin-25 in patients without AKI may suggest a novel role for iron sequestration in modulating AKI.