Lack of P16ink4a Over Expression in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma is Associated with Recurrence after Lymph Node Dissection

These data suggest that P16ink4a/high risk human papillomavirus status is associated with recurrence, especially in patients with positive lymph nodes at diagnosis. Thus, patients with P16ink4a negative penile cancer, particularly those with lymph node metastases, may warrant closer observation after surgery.