Association of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Gene Polymorphism With Familial Vesicoureteral Reflux

To our knowledge this study demonstrates for the first time the association of the cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 gene polymorphism in patients with familial vesicoureteral reflux. Individuals with the transforming growth factor-β1 −509CC and 869TT genotype may have increased susceptibility to vesicoureteral reflux.