Early detection of progressive renal dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease

Early detection of progressive renal dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease.BackgroundAn association between renal hemodynamic dysfunction and coronary artery disease (CAD) has been documented in chronic renal failure; however, no information is available in CAD patients with normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This study was aimed at evaluating early abnormalities and outcome of renal function in CAD patients.MethodsIn 15 nondiabetic patients with normal renal function and no significant stenoses in renal arteries, and having undergone coronary arteriography, we studied systemic and renal hemodynamics before and after a vasodilating stimulus induced by aminoacid (AA) infusion. A control group (C) consisted of 15 sex- and age-matched kidney donors. The statistical adequacy of the sample size was preliminarily verified. Renal clearances were repeated after two years.ResultsAt baseline, GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) averaged 81.4 ± 3.8 in CAD and 83.7 ± 1.4 in C (P = NS); RPF (mL/min/1.73 m2) was 297 ± 22 in CAD and 456 ± 15 in C (P < 0.0001); filtration fraction was higher in CAD (P < 0.001). Plasma renin activity was higher in CAD (P < 0.005). The number of coronary stenoses was inversely correlated with RPF but not with GFR. In CAD, at variance with C, AA did not induce any increment of GFR, while RPF increased without achieving the unstimulated value of C. Blood pressure was comparable in CAD and C at baseline and not modified by AA. After two years, a significant decrease in GFR (-14%, P < 0.001) and RPF (-15%, P < 0.001) occurred only in CAD, and in either group, the response to AA did not differ from that detected at baseline.ConclusionIn CAD patients with normal GFR, reduction in renal perfusion and absence of renal functional reserve likely represent early markers of progressive renal dysfunction.