2-Methoxyestradiol causes functional repression of transforming growth factor β3 signaling by ameliorating Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways in immortalized uterine fibroid cells

TGF-β3-induced profibrotic response in fibroid cells is mediated by Smad-dependent and Smad-independent PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. 2ME2 inhibits TGF-β3 profibrotic effects in huLM cells by ameliorating both Smad-dependent and Smad-independent signaling pathways.