Determination of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) homologues in human ejaculated sperm and its correlation with sperm maturation

ObjectivesTo investigate the presence of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and evaluate its function in ejaculated spermatozoa.DesignExperimental study.SettingReproductive Research Center.Patient(s)Semen specimens from 18 healthy donors and 12 infertile males.Intervention(s)Ejaculated spermatozoa were subjected to sperm fractionation with a double-layer density gradient, protein extraction, detection, immunoblotting, and mass spectrometry. Semen samples were exposed to PARP inducer staurosporine, or hydrogen peroxide with or without PARP inhibitor 3-aminobenzimide. Annexin V assay was examined for apoptosis by flow cytometry.Result(s)We detected ∼75 kDa, ∼63 kDa, and ∼60 kDa PARP homologues on the immunoblot of mature and immature sperm fraction isolated from human ejaculate, which were identified as PARP-1 (∼75 kDa), PARP-9 (∼63 kDa), and PARP-2 (∼60 kDa), respectively. Western blot analysis showed a positive correlation between the amount of PARP protein and sperm maturity. PARP proteins (75 kDa, 63 kDa, and 60 kDa) were evaluated after inducing apoptosis by hydrogen peroxide and staurosporine exposure.Conclusion(s)PARP-2 may have a role in prevention of oxygen species/oxidative stress and chemical (staurosporine)-induced sperm cell apoptosis. The presence of the PARP homologue, that is, PARP-1 (∼75 kDa), suggests its role in preventing damage of mature sperm. Additional studies are needed to delineate the role of PARP-9 in sperm physiology. The results from our study indicate an active role for PARPs in sperm cell physiology in preventing apoptosis.