Gene therapy targeting leiomyoma: adenovirus-mediated delivery of dominant-negative estrogen receptor gene shrinks uterine tumors in Eker rat model

ObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of gene therapy for uterine fibroids in the Eker rat model using an adenovirus-mediated delivery of a dominant-negative estrogen receptor gene (Ad-DNER).DesignAnimal study.SettingUniversity animal laboratory.Animal(s)Twenty-seven female Eker rats.Intervention(s)We randomized Eker rats with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–confirmed uterine leiomyomas to a single treatment of direct intrafibroid injection with Ad-DNER, Ad–bacterial ß-galactosidase, or vehicle.Main Outcome Measure(s)Tumor volumes were determined by MRI scanning and caliper measurement. Samples of serum, fibroid tumors, and various organs were collected at 8, 15, and 30 days after treatment to assess treatment safety and efficacy.Result(s)The Ad-DNER treatment significantly decreased uterine fibroid volume by 45%, 80%, and 77.4% of pretreatment volume at days 8, 15, and 30, respectively, and modulated the expression of apoptosis-, proliferation-, and extracellular matrix–related genes' compared with control animals. The Ad-DNER did not produce any toxic effects in nontarget tissues.Conclusion(s)The Ad-DNER treatment shrinks Eker rats' fibroids, in part, via modulation of several estrogen-regulated genes. This safe gene therapy approach presents a promising conservative treatment option for women with symptomatic uterine fibroids.