Improvement of seminal parameters and pregnancy rates after antegrade sclerotherapy of internal spermatic veins

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy on seminal parameters and pregnancy rates in varicocele patients who have impairment of seminal parameters and/or couple infertility.DesignLongitudinal, noncomparative study.SettingTertiary university hospital.Patient(s)Three hundred sixty-four consecutive varicocele patients with seminal impairment, including 173 (47.5%) patients who were not interested in fertility and 191 (52.5%) who were infertile.Intervention(s)Modified antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy.Main Outcome Measure(s)Increase in sperm count, motility, and/or normal forms in all patients. Pregnancy rates 12 months after treatment in infertile men.Result(s)The median patient age was 32 years. Twelve months after treatment, persistent reflux was present in 45 (12.4%) cases. In 188 (51.6%) patients with low sperm number, sperm count statistically significantly improved, from 12 to 19.5 × 106 per milliliter. In the 336 (92.3%) patients with asthenospermia, progressive motile forms statistically significantly improved, from 25% to 45%. In the 147 (40.4%) patients with teratospermia, normal forms increased from 17% to 35%. In infertile patients without persistent varicocele, 65 (37.4%) patients fathered offspring. Patients obtaining a pregnancy presented a significantly higher sperm motility than did infertile patients (46% vs. 35%).Conclusion(s)Antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy significantly improves sperm count, motility, and morphology. Patients with couple infertility achieved a pregnancy in 37% of cases. Patients achieving pregnancy present a better progressive motility after treatment than patients who did not father any child.