Amniotic fluid embolism

Amniotic fluid embolism is a condition characterized by a systemic dysfunction involving the cardiovascular, respiratory and haematological systems. It still remains one of the leading direct causes of maternal deaths ascertained by the UK confidential enquiry into maternal deaths. The incidence in the UK is around 1 in 50,000. Recent evidence shows case fatality rates in AFE are dropping in the UK and are now around 20%. Many case reports and studies world wide have documented accounts to help in the understanding of the pathogenesis and management and AFE. This review collates the latest literature to look at how the condition occurs, its manifestation, diagnosis and management. A better understanding may aid in better management and so a reduction in maternal mortality.