Why and how to invest in neonatal health

The proportion of neonatal deaths in children has significantly increased, comprising at present almost 40% of all the nearly 11 million deaths of children under the age of five. In order to further reduce child mortality, substantial prompt attention to and reductions in neonatal mortality and morbidity are necessary. The reasons for insufficient investment in neonatal care are mostly based on incorrect assumptions about the importance, cost, and difficulty of tackling the issue. Further research is needed on the cost-effectiveness of neonatal interventions, but there is sufficient knowledge and evidence on the range, effect and cost-effectiveness of interventions to support significant increase in investments and broader programmatic implementation of available approaches. The continuum of care that follows the life-cycle is part of a high impact program delivery, supported by enabling environment, encompassing strong political commitment and strengthened comprehensive health system, from community level to clinical services. The international community needs to increase its funding and extend programs in close coordination with national health programs that are translated into partnerships at national and international level.