The effects of non-uniformities and frequency dependence of line parameters on electromagnetic surge propagation

This paper describes a new transmission line model for electromagnetic transient analysis in time domain which accounts for non-uniform and frequency dependence effects. This model is based on the Radulet approach to line equations and on finite differences in characteristic coordinates. The model is validated by comparisons with study cases reported in the specialized literature, as well as with the EMTP/ATP and the numerical laplace transform.