The minimization of voltage sag effect for specially connected transformers with a sensitive load and distributed generation systems

• This paper improves the voltage sag.
• A PSO-NTVE is used to determine the design values.
• The proposed connection system is compared with Scott and Le Blanc.
• This analysis considers sensitive load and the coordination of over-current relays.

This paper improves the voltage sag for a distributed generation (DG) system with three-phase to two-phase connected transformers. The proposed connection system is compared with the systems designed by Scott and Le Blanc. A particle swarm optimization method with nonlinear time-varying evolution (PSO-NTVE) is used to determine the design values. This analysis considers sensitive loads and the coordination of over-current relays. The model uses a node admittance matrix for voltage sag calculation, in order to calculate the severity of system sag after single or two-phase faults. The analytical equations are useful in the mathematical optimal planning method. The PSO-NTVE is then used to derive suitable transformer impedances and relay time multiplier parameter values. The search for a global optimal solution for the voltage sag problems involves tests on the Scott and Le Blanc connected transformer power systems, in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, the results show that the severity of the voltage sag is reduced by tuning the transformer impedances and relay settings.