Bright cyclic light rearing-mediated retinal protection against damaging light exposure in adrenalectomized mice

Previous studies have shown that albino rats and mice raised in bright cyclic light are protected from light-induced retinal damage. We tested if the stress response mediated by the adrenal grand is involved in the initiation of this neuroprotective phenomenon. Balb/c mice that were adrenalectomized (Adrex) or sham operated at 28 days of age were kept under dim (5 lux) or bright (400 lux) cyclic light (12 h on/off) for 2 weeks. Thereafter, their electroretinogram (ERG), outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness and area, and plasma corticosterone levels were measured in animals with (dim + light and bright + light groups) and without (dim and bright groups) damaging light exposure (3000 lux for 24 h). In the dim + light group, a- and b-wave amplitudes and the ONL thicknesses and areas were significantly higher in the Adrex animals than the sham animals, indicating that adrenalectomy itself yielded retinal protection. In the Adrex animals, the ONL areas were significantly larger in the bright + light group than the dim + light group, indicating that bright cyclic light rearing yielded further retinal tolerance, even in the absence of the adrenal gland. In sham animals, the plasma corticosterone concentration did not change between the dim and the light groups. Accordingly, glucocorticoid secreted from the adrenal gland is not likely to be required for the mechanisms of the light-adaptation neuroprotection phenomenon in mice.