Attraction of flashes to moving dots

Motion is known to distort visual space, producing illusory mislocalizations for flashed objects. Previously, it has been shown that when a stationary bar is flashed in the proximity of a moving stimulus, the position of the flashed bar appears to be shifted in the direction of nearby motion. A model consisting of predictive projections from the sub-system that processes motion information onto the sub-system that processes position information can explain this illusory position shift of a stationary flashed bar in the direction of motion. Based on this model of motion–position interactions, we predict that the perceived position of a flashed stimulus should also be attracted towards a nearby moving stimulus. In the first experiment, observers judged the perceived vertical position of a flash with respect to two horizontally moving dots of unequal contrast. The results of this experiment were in agreement with our prediction of attraction towards the high contrast dot. We obtained similar findings when the moving dots were replaced by drifting gratings of unequal contrast. In control experiments, we found that neither attention nor eye movements can account for this illusion. We propose that the visual system uses predictive influences from the motion processing sub-system on the position processing sub-system to overcome the temporal limitations of the position processing system.