Micro-organism Colonization and Intraoperative Contamination in Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

PurposeTo investigate the status of preoperative micro-organism colonization and intraoperative contamination in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.MethodsFifty patients who underwent scheduled ACL reconstruction were included in the study. At the preoperative checkup, swabs were taken from the skin at the surgical site and the nose. During surgery, swab samples were taken from the skin adjacent to the incision and the surface of the graft and examined for contamination.ResultsPreoperative examination for micro-organism colonization showed positive results in 23 of 50 samples (46%) taken from the skin and 45 of 50 samples (90%) taken from the nose. Intraoperative swab samples taken from the skin and the graft showed positive rates of 6% and 2%, respectively, which were significantly lower compared with the preoperative values (P < .05). The most frequently identified organism in both preoperative and postoperative examinations was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS), representing 93% of the positive results. Among those CNS strains, roughly one-third of the samples were shown to be methicillin resistant. During the study period, surgical-site infection with methicillin-resistant CNS occurred in 1 patient. In this patient the preoperative culture identified methicillin-sensitive CNS, whereas preoperative nasal culture and intraoperative examinations of the skin and the graft were negative.ConclusionsPreoperative examination of micro-organism colonization in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction showed positive results in 46% and 90% of the samples taken from the skin and the nose, respectively. In the intraoperative examination, 6% and 2% of the swabs taken from the adjacent skin and the graft, respectively, showed positive results.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, therapeutic case series.