Bioadjuvants for Complex Ankle and Hindfoot Reconstruction

Many reconstructive options exist for symptomatic hindfoot and ankle problems. Hindfoot and tibiotalar fusions are reliable procedures with consistent results. Unfortunately, many potential complications have been cited throughout the literature. Although the most important aspect in any fusion surgery is meticulous technique, advances in technology, including platelet-rich plasma, bone stimulators, and bone morphogenetic proteins, seem to be use ful additions in the quest to achieve solid fusions with decreased complications.