Does HIV Infection Increase the Risk of Short-Term Adverse Outcomes Following Total Knee Arthroplasty?

Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we assess the: (1) demographic trends; (2) complications; and (3) length of hospital stay among total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The study population consisted of 2772 patients with HIV and 5,672,314 controls. Patients with HIV were more likely to be younger, male, and nonwhite. Patients with HIV were at an increased risk for perioperative wound infections (OR = 2.78; P = 0.024), although they were not at an increased risk for overall complications (OR = 1.21; P = 0.321). Mean length of stay was 17% longer for patients with HIV (P < 0.001). Given these findings, orthopedic surgeons should have a low threshold to work up a patient with HIV for a wound infection following TKA.