The Effect of Taper Angle and Spline Geometry on the Initial Stability of Tapered, Splined Modular Titanium Stems

Design parameters affecting initial mechanical stability of tapered, splined modular titanium stems (TSMTSs) are not well understood. Furthermore, there is considerable variability in contemporary designs. We asked if spline geometry and stem taper angle could be optimized in TSMTS to improve mechanical stability to resist axial subsidence and increase torsional stability. Initial stability was quantified with stems of varied taper angle and spline geometry implanted in a foam model replicating 2 cm diaphyseal engagement. Increased taper angle and a broad spline geometry exhibited significantly greater axial stability (+ 21%–269%) than other design combinations. Neither taper angle nor spline geometry significantly altered initial torsional stability.