Platelet-Rich Plasma Nonoperative Injection Therapy—A Review of Indications and Evidence

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous platelet concentrate that takes advantage of the high concentrations of growth factors contained within platelet granules. PRP is used to augment surgical repair and for local injection to treat tendon, ligament, and muscle injury. In vitro evidence shows that growth factors released by platelets have positive effects on cell recruitment and proliferation, and clinical evidence has shown benefit for several applications. The studies for PRP use in injection therapy include several prospective randomized trials; however, most of these studies have significant limitations. This has resulted in significant debate regarding the use of PRP. Despite the limited evidence, the relative safety and autologous nature of PRP make it an appealing option for patients and physicians. Orthopaedic surgeons considering using PRP injections must be apprised of the current literature and its limitations to make an informed decision along with the patient.