Paediatric knee problems

The knee joint during childhood may be the site of both congenital and acquired disorders. Malfunction of the patellofemoral joint is the most common complaint, including the relative complexities of patellar pain. Abnormalities that affect the knee at different ages are discussed in terms of their anatomical location and the principles that underpin management. Major surgical interventions should be avoided whenever possible but must be timed appropriately when they become necessary, particularly when deformity is worsening or when infection or other progressive conditions imperil the joint.