Epidemiology and pathophysiology of cervical disc herniation

The objective of this article is to review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of cervical disc herniation (CDH). A literature search was performed using PubMed as well as other online data sources (e.g., Science Direct). Reviews, case reports, and both prospective and retrospective studies were searched and have been referenced. The data regarding epidemiology of CDH is not as extensive as that of lumbar disc herniation, however, CDH tends to be the most common among those with degenerative disc disease more than 40 years of age. Presenting symptoms include radiculopathy associated most commonly with the cervical (C) 6–7 level. The pathophysiology of symptomatic CDH may be understood by appreciating both the mechanical and chemical changes that occur within the intervertebral disc as one ages. Finally, more studies should be conducted to better understand the outcome and prognosis of this diverse patient population.