Congenital and Developmental Abnormalities of the Cervical Spine Encountered in Athletes

Patients with congenital or developmental anomalies of the cervical spine are encouraged to be active and participate in sports for their overall health. This population has unique anatomic considerations that preclude standard participation guidelines from being relevant. A conscientious evaluation of these patients coupled with an understanding of consensus recommendations for participation in sporting activities should allow for their injury-free participation in sporting activities. After appropriate evaluation a subset of patients with Os odontoideum, Klippel-Feil syndrome, and Down syndrome can safely participate in sporting activities.