Anterior Approach to the Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spine

The anterior approach to the thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbosacral spine is an invaluable tool in the treatment of the adult with spinal pathology. In the setting of adult deformity the anterior approach allows the surgeon to perform an anterior release, increasing the surface area for healing and/or instrumenting the spine. Surgical technique to this versatile approach is presented as well as indications, technical pearls, and complications.