Incidence and Risk Factors for Major Surgical Complications in Patients With Complex Spinal Deformity: A Report From an SRS GOP Site

Study DesignRetrospective analysis of a prospectively collected single-center database.ObjectivesTo report the incidence of and identify risk factors for perioperative complications in surgically treated pediatric and adult patients with complex spine deformities in an underserved region and Scoliosis Research Society Global Outreach Program site.Summary of Background DataSurgical treatment for complex spinal deformity is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management. The incidence and risk factors for major perioperative complications in outreach sites with limited resources are unknown.MethodsA total of 427 consecutive patients who underwent instrumented spinal fusion for complex spinal deformities were reviewed. Clinical, radiographic, and demographic data were reviewed at preoperative and postoperative time points, and potential risk factors for perioperative complications were assessed. The authors performed multivariate logistic regression analysis (LRA) to determine independent risk factors for postoperative complications and neurological deficits.ResultsMajor complications were seen in 85 cases, which consisted of neurologic deficits (n = 27; 17 transient and 10 permanent), wound infections (n = 17), implant-related problems (n = 35), progressive deformity (n = 13), and death (n = 6). Among the possible risk factors, univariate LRA indicated 3-column osteotomies as a risk factor for postoperative major complications and multivariate LRA indicated 3-column osteotomies as an independent risk factor for neurological deficit. Curves 100° and above were at higher risk for complications.ConclusionsPostoperative complications were seen in 20% of surgically treated patients with complex spine deformities at a Scoliosis Research Society SRS Global Outreach Program site. Three-column osteotomies were identified as an independent risk factor of both postoperative complications and neurological deficits. The significant observed correlation of 3-column osteotomies and postoperative neurological deficits should serve as a guide for surgeons in the preoperative planning and management of severe spinal deformities, especially in locations with limited resources. Patients undergoing correction of large curves may also have a higher complication rate.