Retroperitoneal approach to the intervertebral disc for the annular puncture model of intervertebral disc degeneration in the rabbit

Background contextThe rabbit annular puncture model of degeneration is among the most widely used models of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. There are no published reports of the specific surgical technique used to produce this model.PurposeTo describe the model in detail in an effort to reduce center-to-center variability and hopefully improve the reproducibility of future experimental results.Study designTechnical report of surgical approach and experience.Patient sampleNew Zealand White Rabbits.MethodsA detailed report of the annular puncture technique in rabbits is provided including preparation of the animals, instrumentation, a description of retroperitoneal approach to the lumbar area, and the technique for IVD injury. Common pitfalls and complications of the procedure are described.ConclusionsThe methods described can serve to standardize the implementation of this important preclinical model of disc degeneration.