Crucial aspects of smoking in wound healing after breast reduction surgery

SummaryBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cigarette smoking on wound-healing in patients undergoing breast reduction.MethodsIn our prospective study, 50 patients (25 smokers, 25 nonsmokers) scheduled for breast reduction have been evaluated. Urine cotinine levels were measured to analyse perioperative smoking habits. Urine samples were taken preoperatively and on the fourth postoperative day. Cotinine as a metabolite of nicotine allows precise evaluation of nicotine exposure. To assess the progress of woundhealing we classified secreting, instable, inflamed or necrotic wound conditions, which required a dressing after the tenth postoperative day as impaired wound healing. For statistical analysis non-parametrical tests for independent and dependent data were used.ResultsTen of 25 smokers presented impaired wound healing compared to 4 of 25 nonsmokers. The median cotinine level of smokers was 1964 (783/3963) ng/cc preoperatively and 432 (148/1695) ng/cc postoperatively. Nonsmokers had a preoperative cotinine level of 18 (7/37) ng/cc and 15 (4/34) ng/cc postoperatively. Smokers who developed impaired wound-healing showed higher levels of cotinine pre- (2117 ng/cc) and especially postoperatively (485 ng/cc) compared to smokers with regular woundhealing (1614 ng/cc and 389 ng/cc). Both differences in cotinine levels were statistically significant (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02).ConclusionsThe data of the present study confirm the negative effect of smoking on wound healing in patients undergoing breast reduction.