Iatrogenic Hyperthermia and Hypothermia in the Neonate

This article reviews the physiology of thermoregulation, hypothermia, and hyperthermia. The differential diagnosis of hypothermia and hyperthermia is discussed. The benefits of hypothermia following hypoxic-ischemic injury are discussed; however, both hypothermia and hyperthermia, in the extreme, are potentially harmful to the newborn. Recommendations for the prevention of these problems are discussed, as well as available treatments.