Foetal adaptation at birth

SummaryThe immediate newborn period is a critical time for an individual as the transition is made from foetal to neonatal life. The separation of the neonate from the mother and the placenta requires many physiologic adjustments necessary for survival in a completely new environment. Among the processes necessary for a smooth transition to neonatal life are the initiation of continuous breathing and pulmonary gas exchange, alteration of the circulatory pattern, and regulation of temperature in a cold environment. All clinicians caring for newborns must understand the expected course of these adaptations and be able to recognise when the transition is not occurring appropriately. With the identification of difficulties occurring during transition the clinician may institute interventions in a timely manner.