Effects of rapamycin on granulation formation in response to centrally doubled coiled stents as a tracheal substitute

IntroductionIn experiments involving tracheal wall defects in rabbits, metallic coil stents inevitably induce granulation formation in the defects. We examined the involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in granulation formation and examined the effects of rapamycin.MethodsThe anterior half of the tracheal wall was removed for a longitudinal length of six tracheal rings. Metallic coils were placed into the tracheal lumen through a wall defect. The rabbits were sacrificed two months after undergoing an endoscopic examination, and the granulation tissue in the tracheal defects was removed for a Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical analysis. Rapamycin (0.5 mg kg− 1 day− 1) was administered three times per week intramuscularly. The data were expressed as the relative expression versus the expression of actin.ResultsThe level of mTOR phosphorylation in the resected trachea was 0.72 ± 0.45, and it significantly increased in the granulation tissue to 11.6 ± 5.2, with concomitant increases in the phosphorylation levels of p70S6K and S6RP in all five rabbits. Although the systemic administration of rapamycin significantly decreased the levels of phosphorylated mTOR to 4.0 ± 2.4 in the five treated rabbits, the clinical outcomes were unsatisfactory. Three of the five treated rabbits exhibited signs of wound complications, and wet granulation tissue that caused respiratory symptoms was found inside and outside of the coils in four rabbits.ConclusionsAlthough rapamycin effectively reduced the mTOR activity in the granulation tissue, the granulation formation process seemed to be disturbed, most likely owing to the immunosuppressive effects of rapamycin.