Uroepithelial thickening improves detection of vesicoureteral reflux in infants with prenatal hydronephrosis

In infants with PNH, the sonographic findings of UET, HU, duplication and renal dysmorphia independently indicate greater risk of HGVUR, and the sensitivity and specificity of RBUS for HGVUR is markedly improved when at least two of the four are present.Table. RBUS findings predicting HGVUR and test characteristics of RBUS for HGVUR.High-grade VURMultivariable analysisOR95% CIpUroepithelial thickening54.454.97-597.00.001Hydroureter5.351.24-22.990.024Duplication10.782.21-52.570.003Renal dysmorphia14.232.17-94.370.006Presence of VURAbsence of VURTotalCriteria 1aPositive RBUS245781Negative RBUS153954Totals3996135Criteria 2bPositive RBUS211738Negative RBUS187997Totals3996135Test characteristics of RBUS for HGVURCriteria 1Criteria 2UETSensitivity88%100%94%Specificity44%82%57%PPV17%42%23%NPV96%100%99%LR+1.575.412.19LR-0.2700.11OR (95% CI)5.43 (1.18-24.97)143.00 (8.27-2473.74)20.00 (2.56-156.38)aCriteria 1: presence of HN SFU grade 3-4 or HU.bCriteria 2: presence of at least two of the following: UET, HU, duplication, renal dysmorphia.