Urine proteomic analysis in cystinuric children with renal stones

We provide proteomic evidence of oxidative injury, inflammation, wound healing and fibrosis in two children with CYS. We speculate that oxidative stress and inflammation may cause remodeling via actin and vimentin pathways, leading to fibrosis. Additionally, we identified ITIH and MMP-9 as potential diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in CYS. These proteins merit further investigation.