Sleep apnoea in children

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is an increasingly-recognized clinical entity affecting 3–5% young children, which, if left untreated is associated with adverse effects on growth and development including adverse cognitive and behavioural outcomes. Evidence also exists to suggest that untreated OSA will impact on later cardiovascular risk. Close attention should be paid to assessing and investigating this relatively common condition. This review deals with the presentation, investigation, management, and sequelae of OSA, as well as providing an overview of the presentation, investigation, management of central apnoea in children.