Detecting the serious visual disorders of childhood

Vision is important throughout childhood, leading early developmental progress, supporting academic achievement and enhancing the general quality of life. This article is directed towards the early identification of the serious ocular problems which may arise in children. General screening and assessment are discussed, including important pointers in the history and examination. Selected topics include the baby who cannot see, refractive errors and strabismus, nystagmus, cloudy or prominent eyes, and trauma.