Hyperlipidaemia

Assessment of hyperlipidaemia in children is important to prevent cardiovascular disease later in life. Secondary causes of hyperlipidaemia should always be considered during clinical assessment. There are several primary causes of primary hyperlipidaemia, of which familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is the most important. Diagnosis of FH is by use of the Simon Broome criteria and genetic diagnosis can be helpful, particularly in children. DNA diagnostics also facilitate cascade testing, which is now recognized as an important means of identifying individuals with FH. Several classes of drugs are used to treat hyperlipidaemia in children, but the statins are most commonly used. They are effective and safe to use in older children.