Bone Disease in Renal Transplantation and Pleotropic Effects of Vitamin D Therapy

Osteoporosis, osteopenia, and osteonecrosis are common in renal transplant recipients. In this study, we evaluated relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and posttransplant duration; creatinine clearance; serum levels of glucose, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D (vitD), parathormone, magnesium, C telopeptide, osteocalcin, lipids, and vit D therapy. Eighty five subjects included in this study had a mean age of 36.25 ± 10.5 years. At least at 6-month intervals we measured femoral neck (FN) and lumbar vertebra (LV) by DEXA and biochemical parameters. VitD was prescribed in 57 patients (vitDG). The mean duration of posttransplantation follow-up was 9.82 ± 2.72 months. T scores (TS) of FN and LV were normal in 29.4% and 21.2%; osteopenia in 56.5% and 49.4%; and osteoporosis in 12.1% and 29.4% of patients, respectively. Upon follow-up, TS improved significantly from −1.58 to −1.46 in FN and from −1.88 to −1.70 in LV (P < .05 for both). In patients receiving vitDG, TS improved significantly from −1.74 to −1.61 on FN and from −2.16 to −1.97 on LV (P < .05 for both). Osteocalcin and vitDG levels decreased in all patients (P < .05 for all). Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine increased (P < .05). In VitDG cohort, triglyceride levels decreased (P < .05) with unchanged blood glucose values; but among the other patients, triglycerides were unchanged but glucose levels had increased (P < .05). Bone disease including osteopenia or osteoporosis was observed among 70%. During the follow-up period, BMD increased significantly from baseline at 9.82 ± 2.72 months. VitD therapy caused more prominent improvements in BMD and decreases in serum triglycerides as well as mutigated the increase in blood glucose.