Role of Increased Penile Expression of Transforming Growth Factor‐β1 and Activation of the Smad Signaling Pathway in Erectile Dysfunction in Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rats

Upregulation of TGF‐β1 and activation of the Smad signaling pathway in the penis of diabetic rats might play important roles in diabetes‐induced structural changes and deterioration of erectile function. Zhang LW, Piao S, Choi MJ, Shin H‐Y, Jin H‐R, Kim WJ, Song SU, Han J‐Y, Park SH, Mamura M, Kim S‐J, Ryu J‐K, and Suh J‐K. Role of increased penile expression of transforming growth factor‐β1 and activation of the Smad signaling pathway in erectile dysfunction in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. J Sex Med 2008;5:2318-2329.