Chirurgie conservatrice du testicule pour tumeur : à qui et comment ?

The dogma of total orchiectomy for any tumor, has been challenged for 20 years, by the experience of sparing surgery on a single testicle. The functional benefit weighed against the oncologic risk induced by a conservative attitude seems in favor of partial orchidecomy. However, certain technical rules must be strictly observed to maintain the excellent specific survival rates of testis cancers, obtained with a classic attitude. They cover the surgical approach, the use of intraoperative ultrasound, the realization of a frozen section. The elective indications (situations in healthy conrolateral testis), are still to be evaluated. The testicular ultrasound incidentalomas, however, may benefit from conservative surgery.