Commercially available materials as scaffold candidates for adipose-derived stromal/progenitor cell tissue engineering

SummaryBackgroundAdipose-derived stromal/progenitor cells (ADSCs) are of great interest because of their unique capacity for prolonged or unlimited self-renewal and their ability to differentiate into multiple lineages. Combining ADSCs with biomaterial scaffolds provides a promising strategy for cellular delivery and tissue engineering.ObjectivesA wide range of biomaterials have been developed for different applications. We here evaluate the current commercially available medical materials as scaffolds in combination with rat ADSCs for tissue engineering applications.MethodsExperiments (anchorage independent growth, gap junctional intercellular communication, multilineage differentiation, cell-surface marker, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) were performed to prove these primary cultured cells had the same characteristics as ADSCs. Twelve kinds of medical materials were then used as scaffolds to see which ADSCs can grow and develop.ResultsThe cultured Wistar rat cells had the characteristics of stems cells, including a high frequency of anchorage-independent growth in soft agar and a lack of gap junctional intercellular communication in cell type with serpiginous morphology. These cells can be differentiated into adipocytes and osteocytes after induction. The differentiated phenotypes were verified by morphology, special stains, as well as detection of tissue-specific mRNA. In addition, these ADSCs could grow into the Kaltostat, CollaWound, Tissucol Duo Quick (Baxter), and Spongostan Dental after 144 hours incubation.ConclusionKaltostat, CollaWound, Tissucol Duo Quick (Baxter), and Spongostan Dental have better biocompatibility and can be considered as scaffold materials for future clinical research.