Risk factors affecting morbidity and mortality following emergency laparotomy for small bowel obstruction: A retrospective cohort study

• 30-day morbidity and mortality rates were 28% and 13%, respectively.
• Six independent risk factors for morbidity were identified.
• Five independent risk factors for mortality were identified.
• Identified risk factors included chronic nephropathy and low physical performance.

IntroductionsTo identify risk factors for increased 30-day morbidity and mortality, using standardized measuring tools for the characterization of complications after emergency surgery for small bowel obstruction.MethodsA retrospective cohort study including patients treated with emergency laparotomy for small bowel obstruction at a Copenhagen University Hospital (2009–2013). Complications were evaluated according to the Clavien-Dindo classification.ResultsA total of 323 patients were included. The overall 30-day morbidity and mortality rates were 28% and 13%, respectively. Six covariates were identified as independent risk factors associated with morbidity by multiple logistic regression analysis. The highest odds for morbidity were seen in patients with chronic nephropathy (Odds Ratio [OR] = 3.9; 95% CI 1.3–15.1), and in patients with a daily use of steroids (OR = 3.5; 95% CI 1.2–10.4). Five independent risk factors were associated with increased odds for mortality. Patients with low physical performance (OR = 3.4; 95% CI 1.3–8.2) or metabolic disorders (OR = 3.2; 95% CI 1.2–8.5) had the highest risk of mortality.ConclusionsMorbidity and mortality rates were high in this study compared with other studies. Several comorbid conditions were associated with morbidity and mortality. These results may aid the acute care surgeon in identifying patients with a high-risk for postoperative complications and fatal outcomes.