Cancer of the thyroid gland in geriatric age: A single center retrospective study with a 10-year post-operative follow-up

Introduction: We evaluated the characteristics of thyroid carcinoma in geriatric patients and outcomes after a 10-years follow-up. Methods: Comparative retrospective study on a group of 31 geriatric patients and one of 224 non-geriatric, who underwent surgery for thyroid carcinoma in the period 1998–2003. We compared with Fisher's exact test: histology, multifocality, tumor size, lymph-node metastasis, distant metastasis, persistence/recurrence and mortality, including and excluding anaplastic carcinomas, in a subgroup of 26 geriatric patients and another of 223 non-geriatric patients. Results: Results for the geriatric and non-geriatric groups and in the geriatric and non-geriatric subgroups respectively were as follows: multifocality 9/31 vs. 74/224 (p-value 0.8382) and 9/26 vs. 74/223 (p-value 1); tumor size: 16/31 vs. 28/224 T3-T4 (p-value < 0.0001) and 11/26 vs. 27/223 T3-T4 (p-value 0.0004); lymph-node metastases: 17/31 vs. 34/224 (p-value < 0.0001) and 12/26 vs. 33/223 (p-value 0.0004); distant metastases: 8/31 vs. 3/224 (p-value < 0.0001) and 3/26 vs. 2/223 (p-value 0.0088); disease recurrence/persistence: 11/31 vs. 3/224 (p-value < 0.0001) and 6/26 vs. 2/223 (p-value > 0.0001); mortality: 7/31 vs. 2/224 (p-value < 0.0001) and 2/26 vs. 1/223 (p-value 0.0295). Anaplastic carcinomas were predominantly in the geriatric group: 5 vs. 1 (p-value < 0.0001). No statistical differences for other histotypes. Discussion: Thyroid carcinoma is more aggressive in geriatric patients. This may justify a more aggressive surgical strategy with possible prophylactic lymphadenectomy, in addition to ablative therapy with 131I and suppressive therapy with levothyroxine. Conclusion: It would be useful to undertake randomized prospective studies on a large cohort of patients to determine the most effective therapy for geriatric patients suffering from thyroid carcinoma.