For the Surgeon: An Introduction to Nanotechnology

BackgroundThe study and application of nanoparticles is advancing rapidly within medicine and surgery. In this article, we review nanotechnology with a view as to its impact on surgery. We also review potential toxicity, current regulations, and ethical considerations.Data SourcesA Medline review of nanotechnology and nanosurgery was performed. Important publications in the history of the science and demonstrated important concepts were selected for review.ConclusionNanotechnology is a relatively new but fast evolving field. Its potential impact on medicine and surgery is expanding in areas from drug delivery to rudimentary nanosurgery at the cellular level. This review is written to give the surgeon an overview of the field particularly in reference to its potential surgical applications.