A Novel Cell-Based Therapy in Segmental Bone Defect: Using Adipose Derived Stromal Cells

BackgroundCell-based therapy is currently focusing on bone marrow as an ideal source. However, harvesting of bone marrow is always associated with some potential morbidity. It was recently revealed that adipose derived stromal cells contain a cell population with multipotency. In addition to an adequate supply, these cells do not appear to decline with age. The purpose of our study was to assess osteogenic capability of these cells in vitro and in vivo.Materials and MethodsAdipose derived stromal cells were isolated from New Zealand white rabbit fat pads. After primary culture in basic medium and expanded to two passages, the cells were cultured in an osteogenic medium for 2–4 wk to induce osteogenesis. In vivo, segmental bone defects were created at left radius in 30 rabbits. The cultured cells were implanted into the defects through open operation.ResultsAdipose derived stromal cells were able to be induced to osteogenesis confirmed by ALP and von Kossa staining. Some specific markers, such as ALP, osteopontin, osteocalcin, were also detected by PCR. The segmental defects had complete union, judged by radiographic analysis and histologic analysis, in the group transplanted with these cells.ConclusionAdipose derived stromal cells have the potential to differentiate into osteogenic lineage both in vitro and in vivo. It would be a promising novel cell-based therapy for healing bone defects in the clinical setting.