Significance of HER2 Protein Examination in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

BackgroundHER2 expression is routinely checked in ductal carcinoma in situ, as in invasive ductal carcinoma. However, the effect of HER2 status in ductal carcinoma in situ on the development of malignancy and the significance of overexpression of HER2 are still not clear.Materials and MethodsWe experienced 103 cases that were diagnosed as pure ductal carcinoma in situ from operative specimens in the 2-y period from 2006 to 2007. We examined their HER2 status and other markers. We added 38 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ with small invasive disease 5mm or less in diameter as subjects. We also examined how accurately HER2 status in biopsy specimens predicted the existence of an invasive component.ResultsIn pure ductal carcinoma in situ, tumors that were comedo type, high grade, or ER negative showed a high frequency of HER2 overexpression. In cases with small invasion, HER2 expression was higher than that in pure ductal carcinoma in situ. Among cases that were diagnosed as ductal carcinoma in situ by biopsy, 28% had invasive disease in operative specimens. In tumors that were palpable, large, or expressed HER2 3+ in biopsy samples, invasive disease was frequently observed in operative specimens.ConclusionsOverexpression of HER2 in ductal carcinoma in situ might not always be necessary for progression to invasive ductal carcinoma. To clarify the significance of HER2 examination in DCIS, further investigations of the potential for invasive ductal carcinoma and the prognosis are still needed.