Expression of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor 2 in Human Pancreatic Carcinoma and its Effect on Tumor Growth, Invasion, and Migration In Vitro and In Vivo

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2), also known as placental protein and matrix-associated serine protease inhibitor, plays an important role in angiogenesis, intravascular fibrinolysis, wound healing, tumor invasion, metastasis by plasmin, and trypsin mediated activation of zymogen matrix metalloproteinases. To detect whether TFPI-2 can be expressed in human pancreatic carcinoma samples and to investigate its role in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma cell in vitro and in vivo, we collected eight normal pancreatic tissue samples and 50 pancreatic carcinoma samples, and stably transfected the human pancreatic carcinoma cell line Panc-1 with a vector capable of expressing TFPI-2 gene. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that the levels of TFPI-2 expression were markedly lower in pancreatic carcinoma samples compared with normal pancreas samples. The level of TFPI-2 protein was significantly higher in cells transfected with TFPI-2 gene than that in the untransfected cells. The results of MTT assay showed that TFPI-2 inhibited Panc-1 cells growth in vitro. The invasive capacity of the cells transfected with TFPI-2 gene was also markedly less than that of untransfected cells in vitro as determined by the Matrigel invasion/migration assay. Moreover, TFPI-2 inhibited tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis in vivo in an orthotopic pancreatic carcinoma model. Our findings suggest that TFPI-2 plays a significant role in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma cell in vitro and in vivo, and has potential in anticancer therapy.