17β-estradiol administration following trauma-hemorrhage prevents the increase in Kupffer cell cytokine production and MAPK activation predominately via estrogen receptor-α

Since PPT administration after T-H was more effective in decreasing KC cytokine production and MAPK activation than DPN, the salutary effects of E2 on KC functions are mediated predominantly via ER-α and normalization of MAPK following T-H.