The Survivin-mediated radioresistant phenotype of glioblastomas is regulated by RhoA and inhibited by the green tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate

Introduction:Glioblastoma multiforme's (GBM) aggressiveness is potentiated in radioresistant tumor cells. The combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been envisioned as a therapeutic approach for GBM. The goal of this study is to determine if epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg), a green tea-derived anti-cancer molecule, can modulate GBMs' response to ionizing radiation (IR) and whether this involves mediators of intracellular signaling and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins. Material and methods:U-87 human GBM cells were cultured and transfected with cDNAs encoding for Survivin, RhoA or Caveolin-1. Mock and transfected cells were irradiated at sublethal single doses. Cell proliferation was analyzed by nuclear cell counting. Apoptosis was detected using a fluorometric caspase-3 assay. Analysis of protein expression was accomplished by Western immunoblotting. Results: IR (10 Gy) reduced control U-87 cell proliferation by 40% through a caspase-independent mechanism. The overexpression of Survivin induced a cytoprotective effect against IR, while the overexpression of RhoA conferred a cytosensitizing effect upon IR. Control U-87 cells pretreated with EGCg exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in their proliferation rate. The growth inhibitory effect of EGCg was not antagonized by overexpressed Survivin. However, Survivin -transfected cells pretreated with EGCg became sensitive to IR, and their RhoA expression was downregulated. A potential therapeutic effect of EGCg targeting the prosurvival intracellular pathways of cancer cells is suggested to act synergistically with IR. Conclusion: The radioresistance of GBM is possibly mediated by a mechanism dependent on Survivin in conjunction with RhoA. The combination of natural anti-cancerous molecules such as EGCg with radiotherapy could improve the efficacy of IR treatments.