The mirror mechanism and mu rhythm in social development

Since the discovery of mirror neurons (MNs) in the monkey there has been a renewed interest in motor theories of cognitive and social development in humans by providing a potential neural mechanism underlying an action observation/execution matching system. It has been proposed that this system plays a fundamental role in the development of complex social and cognitive behaviors such as imitation and action recognition. In this review we discuss what is known about MNs from the work using single-cell recordings in the adult monkey, the evidence for the putative MN system in humans, and the extent to which research using electroencephalography (EEG) methods has contributed to our understanding of the development of these motor systems and their role in the social behaviors postulated by the MN hypothesis. We conclude with directions for future research that will improve our understanding of the putative human MN system and the functional role of MNs in social development.

► The mu rhythm is optimal to investigate the mirror neuron system in infancy.
► Studies in monkeys demonstrate that the MN system is functional very early after birth.
► Mu rhythm changes during ontogeny reflect events related to the sensorimotor system.
► Very likely the MN system is the underlying neural system that supports newborn imitation.