Anti-angiogenic gene therapy in the treatment of malignant gliomas

► Angiogenesis is one of the major determinants of glioblastoma progression and maintenance. ► The process is maintained by a balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. ► The action and function of several of these factors has been elucidated. ► While several of these factors are “druggable”, the ability to use gene therapy methodologies to alter the angiogenic milieu appears to be a logical avenue for translational research and possible clinical applications. ► In this review, we will highlight examples of pro- and anti-angiogenic targets, vectors utilized for delivery of target genes and challenges facing applications of gene therapy against glioma angiogenesis.